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The Carraresi (or da Carrara) were an important family of northern Italy in the period 12th-15th centuries. As ''signori'' of Padua, their overwhelming power and patronage placed them in an isolated position far outshining any other single family. Their extensive land holdings in the Paduan ''contado'' were supplemented by extensive property within the ''comune'' itself, and their political prominence made them comparable to the Scaligeri of contemporary Verona, or the Visconti of Milan.〔Noted by Diana Norman, ''Siena, Florence, and Padua: Art, Society and Religion, 1280-1400'' (Yale University Press), 1995, vol. I, ch. 8 "Splendid models and examples from the past": Carrara patronage of art", p 155.〕 Margaret Plant has examined how "in its period of domination in Padua from 1337 to 1405 the house of Carrara sustained a singular chapter in the history of patronage".〔Margaret Plant, "Patronage in the circle of the Carrara family", in Francis William kent ''et al.'' ''Patronage, Art, and Society in Renaissance Italy'' 1987, p 377.〕 Francesco il Vecchio, son of Giacomo, a close friend of Petrarch in his early years,〔A. Zardo, ''Il Petrarca e i Carraresi'' (Milan, 1887) noted by Mommsen 1952:96 note 13.〕 was a noted patron of Petrarch himself and commissioned frescoes (destroyed) illustrating Petrarch's ''De viris illustribus'' in the palazzo, ca 1367-79, employing Guariento and others;〔Theodor E. Mommsen, "Petrarch and the Decoration of the Sala Virorum Illustrium in Padua", ''The Art Bulletin'' 34.2 (June 1952), pp. 95-116, dates p. 99.〕 Petrarch's retirement years were spent at Arquà, a Carrara fief, and he bequeathed to Francesco his picture of the Virgin by Giotto. Coming from Carrara Santo Stefano, near Padua, the family had their origin in a certain Gamberto/Gumberto, of Lombard origin, to judge from his name and that of his son Luitolfo, founder of the abbey of Carrara in 1027; Gumberto was ''signore'' of ''castrum Carrariae'', the Castello of Carrara San Giorgio.〔(Due Carrare official website: "La storia" )〕 Faithful to the Emperors generation after generation, after becoming lords of Pernumia, in 1338 they ousted the Veronese della Scala from Padua and became the lords of that city. In 1388 a coalition of Milanese and Venetian forced Francesco il Vecchio to abdicate in favor of his son. The Venetians invested Padua as Venetian territory in 1405. The elder Cararrese line was extinguished with the murders of Francesco Novello da Carrara and all his sons but Marsilio and bishop Stefano in a Venetian prison in 1406; Marsilio died soon after, and Stefano fled to Rome, where he lived until 1448; all Paduan bishops to the end of the Venetian Republic (1797), with two exceptions, were Venetian nobles.〔Saalman 1987:379, 384.〕 The Baptistery at Padua, which was under Carrarese patronage and served as their mortuary chapels, reverted to the bishop and the cathedral chapter; its Carrarese tombs were removed when the floor level was raised.〔Saalman 1987:384ff.〕 Part of their palace in Padua is still standing. Notable parts are the Loggia and the Sala dei Giganti. They erected the important Abbazia di Santo Stefano abbey in the locality Carrara Santo Stefano, between the modern Due Carrare and Padua. The abbey's church, dedicated to Saint Stephen, is still standing today and contains, among others, the tomb of Marsilio da Carrara. In the 15th century the Carraresi were represented in the cadet male line of the two descended from 13th-century brothers Marsilio (the elder) and Jacopino (the younger). The ''imprese'' of the family coat of arms is a four-wheeled cart (''carro''), and the family colors are red and white, in a checkerboard arrangement. ==Notable members== *Gumberto (died before 970) *Gumberto (died before 1027) *Litolfo da Carrara (died before 1068), who founded the Abbazia of Santo Stefano in Due Carrare (1027). *Artiuccio *Gumberto (known in 1077) *Marsilio (known in 1109) *Marsilio (died before 1210) *Jacopino (died before 1262) *Jacopo I, called "The Great", lord of Padua (died 1324) *Marsilio, lord of Padua (died 1338) *Ubertinello, lord of Padua (died 1345) *Marsilietto Papafava, lord of Padua (died 1345) *Jacopo II, lord of Padua (d. 1350) *Francesco "il Veccho", lord of Padua (abdicated in favor of his son, 1388; died a prisoner of Giangaleazzo Visconti at Monza, 1393)〔His tomb in the Paduan baptistery is commonly exampled as the model for the Medici tombs in the Old Sacristy of San Lorenzo, Florence (Howard Saalman, "Carrara Burials in the Baptistery of Padua", ''The Art Bulletin'' 69.3 (1987 ), pp. 376-394).〕 *Francesco Novello (1359–1406) *Francesco III (died 1405) *Giacomo (died 1405) *Marsilio (died 1435) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Carraresi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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